Advanced Cardiovascular Specialists cardiologist Dr. S. Scott Wiggins was a member of a research group that studied the impact of cardiac implantable electronic device infection (CIED). The study was recently published by the American Heart Association..

have an average life expectancy 13 years shorter than their peers who do not have the disorder. Approximately 25% will develop clinical depression, and about 50% develop an anxiety disorder. As many as 80% will have additional mental health diagnoses including learning disabilities.