Reducing the risk of gynecological cancer

Gynecologic cancers may not always make headlines, but they deeply impact thousands of women and families each year.

Every September, we recognize Gynecologic Cancer Awareness Month to shed light on these important, yet often overlooked diseases that include cervical, ovarian, uterine (endometrial), vaginal and vulvar cancers.

As an oncologist, I want to emphasize a simple but often overlooked truth: Awareness can lead to earlier diagnosis and better outcomes. These cancers often present with subtle symptoms, and understanding the early signs is one of the most powerful tools available at our disposal.

Understanding the Different Types of Gynecological Cancers

Uterine (Endometrial) Cancer

1. This is the most common gynecologic cancer. It typically impacts postmenopausal women.

2. Warning signs: Abnormal vaginal bleeding, especially after menopause.

3. Ovarian Cancer

A. This is known as the “silent killer” due to vague symptoms and a lack of early detection tools.

B. Warning signs: Bloating, pelvic pain, early satiety, urinary urgency.

4. Cervical Cancer

A. This cancer is preventable mainly through Pap smears and HPV vaccination.

B. Warning signs: Abnormal bleeding, pelvic pain or unusual discharge.

Vaginal and Vulvar Cancers

1. These cancers are rare, but still important.

2. Warning signs: Itching, pain, changes in skin color, or sores that don’t heal.

Prevention and Early Detection

There are many ways to help prevent gynecological cancers. HPV vaccination is a powerful tool in preventing cervical and other HPV-related cancers. In addition, routine Pap smears and HPV tests can detect cervical changes before cancer develops.

Sindhu Devarashetty

It is also important to know your family history. Some ovarian and uterine cancers are linked to genetic syndromes like BRCA or Lynch syndrome. If you experience symptoms, do not ignore them. Many patients attribute abnormal bleeding or pelvic pressure to aging or hormonal changes, when in fact, these could be early warning signs.

The Role of Internists and Primary Care Providers

Primary care is often where symptoms are first discussed. If you are a health care provider, ask about:

• Postmenopausal bleeding

• Persistent bloating or pelvic discomfort

• Changes in urinary or bowel habits

• Family history of cancer

Timely referral to gynecology or oncology can make all the difference for your patients.

Supporting Survivors and Those in Treatment

Gynecologic cancers impact not only physical health but also emotional and sexual well-being. Feist-Weiller Cancer Center on the campus of LSU Health Shreveport offers comprehensive care from chemotherapy and surgery to supportive services like counseling, nutrition, survivorship programs, and palliative care.

A Final Word

Gynecologic cancers may be silent, but we don’t have to be. By raising awareness, encouraging regular screenings, and promoting HPV vaccination, we can save lives and empower women to take control of their health.

If something doesn’t feel right, speak up.

If you’re overdue for a screening, schedule it. If you’re caring for a loved one through treatment, know that your support matters more than you realize.

Let’s work together this September to make gynecologic cancers more visible and more preventable.

By Dr. Sindhu Devarashetty, assistant professor of medicine, Department of Hematology-Oncology, LSU Health Shreveport.